1 Kings 21:2

Authorized King James Version

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And Ahab spake unto Naboth, saying, Give me thy vineyard, that I may have it for a garden of herbs, because it is near unto my house: and I will give thee for it a better vineyard than it; or, if it seem good to thee, I will give thee the worth of it in money.

Original Language Analysis

וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר spake H1696
וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר spake
Strong's: H1696
Word #: 1 of 32
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
אַחְאָ֣ב And Ahab H256
אַחְאָ֣ב And Ahab
Strong's: H256
Word #: 2 of 32
achab, the name of a king of israel and of a prophet at babylon
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 3 of 32
near, with or among; often in general, to
נָב֣וֹת׀ unto Naboth H5022
נָב֣וֹת׀ unto Naboth
Strong's: H5022
Word #: 4 of 32
naboth, an israelite
לֵאמֹר֩׀ saying H559
לֵאמֹר֩׀ saying
Strong's: H559
Word #: 5 of 32
to say (used with great latitude)
אֶתְּנָה Give H5414
אֶתְּנָה Give
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 6 of 32
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
לִּ֨י H0
לִּ֨י
Strong's: H0
Word #: 7 of 32
אֶֽת H853
אֶֽת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 8 of 32
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
כֶּ֖רֶם me thy vineyard H3754
כֶּ֖רֶם me thy vineyard
Strong's: H3754
Word #: 9 of 32
a garden or vineyard
וִֽיהִי H1961
וִֽיהִי
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 10 of 32
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
לִ֣י H0
לִ֣י
Strong's: H0
Word #: 11 of 32
לְגַן that I may have it for a garden H1588
לְגַן that I may have it for a garden
Strong's: H1588
Word #: 12 of 32
a garden (as fenced)
יָרָ֗ק of herbs H3419
יָרָ֗ק of herbs
Strong's: H3419
Word #: 13 of 32
properly, green; concretely, a vegetable
כִּ֣י H3588
כִּ֣י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 14 of 32
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
ה֤וּא H1931
ה֤וּא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 15 of 32
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
קָרוֹב֙ because it is near H7138
קָרוֹב֙ because it is near
Strong's: H7138
Word #: 16 of 32
near (in place, kindred or time)
אֵ֣צֶל unto H681
אֵ֣צֶל unto
Strong's: H681
Word #: 17 of 32
a side; (as a preposition) near
בֵּיתִ֔י my house H1004
בֵּיתִ֔י my house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 18 of 32
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
אֶתְּנָה Give H5414
אֶתְּנָה Give
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 19 of 32
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
לְךָ֙ H0
לְךָ֙
Strong's: H0
Word #: 20 of 32
תַּחְתָּ֔יו H8478
תַּחְתָּ֔יו
Strong's: H8478
Word #: 21 of 32
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
כֶּ֖רֶם me thy vineyard H3754
כֶּ֖רֶם me thy vineyard
Strong's: H3754
Word #: 22 of 32
a garden or vineyard
ט֣וֹב than it or if it seem good H2896
ט֣וֹב than it or if it seem good
Strong's: H2896
Word #: 23 of 32
good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good
מִמֶּ֑נּוּ H4480
מִמֶּ֑נּוּ
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 24 of 32
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
אִ֚ם H518
אִ֚ם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 25 of 32
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
ט֣וֹב than it or if it seem good H2896
ט֣וֹב than it or if it seem good
Strong's: H2896
Word #: 26 of 32
good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good
בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ to thee H5869
בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ to thee
Strong's: H5869
Word #: 27 of 32
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
אֶתְּנָה Give H5414
אֶתְּנָה Give
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 28 of 32
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
לְךָ֥ H0
לְךָ֥
Strong's: H0
Word #: 29 of 32
כֶ֖סֶף of it in money H3701
כֶ֖סֶף of it in money
Strong's: H3701
Word #: 30 of 32
silver (from its pale color); by implication, money
מְחִ֥יר thee the worth H4242
מְחִ֥יר thee the worth
Strong's: H4242
Word #: 31 of 32
price, payment, wages
זֶֽה׃ H2088
זֶֽה׃
Strong's: H2088
Word #: 32 of 32
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

Analysis & Commentary

And Ahab spake unto Naboth, saying, Give me thy vineyard, that I may have it for a garden of herbs, because it is near unto my house: and I will give thee for it a better vineyard than it; or, if it seem good to thee, I will give thee the worth of it in money.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of naboth's vineyard, within the book's focus on prophetic ministry of Elijah confronting Baalism. The temple represents God's dwelling among His people and foreshadows Christ as Immanuel ('God with us').

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Elijah's ministry (c. 860-850 BCE) occurred during Ahab's reign, a time of intense spiritual crisis in Israel.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

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